Abstract
Loading and unloading experiments on rock materials have shown that the strength parameters and deformation properties of rocks during unloading were considerable different from those during loading. Therefore, it is reasonable to evaluate the stability of underground engineering during excavation based on the unloading behaviour of rocks, so that the in-situ conditions can be reflected realistically. In this study, unloading behavior of rock mass during excavation considering the geological conditions is modeled for an underground tunnel. The energy release rate, the total amount of released energy and the averaged energy release rate are numerically evaluated and compared for different excavation schemes. Numerical simulations confirm the feasibility of applying the average energy release rate in evaluating the stability of tunnels and optimizing the excavation schemes.
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