Abstract
In this study, a simplex-centroid mixture design (SCMD) approach was used to select the optimal proportions of three different Melastomataceae leaves species (M. malabathricum, M. decemfidum, and M. hirta) extracts to determine the optimum antioxidant activities of total phenolic compound (TPC) and ABTS (2, 2′-azino-bis (ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical-scavenging activities. Twelve experimental designs were set up, consisting of points that were equally weighted mixtures of 0 to 1 components, which were pure blends (1, 0, …, 0), binary blends (1/2, 1/2, 0, …, 0), tertiary blends (1/3, 1/3, 1/3, 0, …, 0), and a control point. The in vitro anti-elastase and collagenase activities were evaluated in order to determine the anti-aging efficacy of the optimized mixture extracts. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was employed to identify the flavonoid content (rutin and quercetin) present in the optimized mixture extracts. The results showed that the best proportions of the optimum phenolic compounds and ABTS activity corresponded to 30%, 40%, and 30% of M. malabathricum, M. hirta, and M. decemfidum leaf extracts, respectively. The in vitro anti-collagenase and elastase activity evaluation of the optimized mixture extracts showed 70% inhibition against both elastase and collagenase enzymes. The HPLC analysis revealed two flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) at retention time 7.770 and 8.769 min, respectively, in the mixture extracts. This study suggests the potential exploitation of mixtures of Melastomataceae leaves (M. malabathricum, M. decemfidum, and M. hirta) as cosmetic ingredients for antioxidant and anti-wrinkles applications.
Highlights
IntroductionPlants have been used to treat various ailments due to their antioxidant activities
Since ancient times, plants have been used to treat various ailments due to their antioxidant activities
The radical-scavenging activity of each designed mixture was tested by measuring the decrease in its absorbance value at 734 nm, while the phenolic content of the mixtures of Melastoma leaf extracts was measured based on the amount of phenolic compounds in dry weight gallic acid
Summary
Plants have been used to treat various ailments due to their antioxidant activities. Melastomataceae is one of the natural plant sources that has gained attention within the scientific world due to its significant therapeutic value It is one of the most abundant and diversified groups of pantropical families, having 4200 to 4500 species in 166 genera and approximately 1000 species predominantly cultivated in tropical Asia [4]. Studies have reported that members of this family have been used by practitioners of traditional medicines to treat diarrhea, pox scars, inflamed wounds, gastric ulcers, and diabetes [8,9,10]. The phytochemistry of these plants has revealed numerous secondary metabolites or bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds [5]. Due to the fact that plant extracts usually occur as a combination of diverse type of bioactive compounds, the identification and isolation of active constituents in plant extracts are commonly achieved using the application of spectroscopic or chromatographic techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS)
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