Abstract
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) combined with debinding and sintering could be an economical process for three-dimensional (3D) printing of metal parts. In this paper, compounding, filament making, and FFF processing of feedstock material with 55% vol. of 17-4PH stainless steel powder in a multicomponent binder system are presented. The experimental part of the paper encompasses central composite design for optimization of the most significant 3D printing parameters (extrusion temperature, flow rate multiplier, and layer thickness) to obtain maximum tensile strength of the 3D-printed specimens. Here, only green specimens were examined in order to be able to determine the optimal parameters for 3D printing. The results show that the factor with the biggest influence on the tensile properties was flow rate multiplier, followed by the layer thickness and finally the extrusion temperature. Maximizing all three parameters led to the highest tensile properties of the green parts.
Highlights
Additive manufacturing (AM) comprises a group of technologies used to build physical parts by adding material in a layer-by-layer fashion from a computer-aided design (CAD) file, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methods, such as machining [1]
The mathematical model of the quadratic response surface for tensile modulus (TM) can be presented in the form of Equation (3), where all factors are in coded form according to Table 6
As the tensile modulus describes material behavior in the elastic area and presents a measure of the stiffness of the specimens, it is expected that a specimen printed with higher flow rate multiplier and with larger layer thickness would result in higher density and, as a result, stiffer specimens
Summary
Additive manufacturing (AM) comprises a group of technologies used to build physical parts by adding material in a layer-by-layer fashion from a computer-aided design (CAD) file, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methods, such as machining [1]. AM is the term standardized by ISO and ASTM [2]; other common names for AM include three-dimensional (3D) printing, layer-based manufacturing, solid freeform fabrication (SFF), and rapid prototyping (RP) [3,4]. Over the last three decades, many AM technologies were developed for the production of polymeric, metallic, or ceramic parts Examples of these techniques include vat photopolymerization (VPP), powder bed fusion (PBF), and material extrusion (MEAM). These three techniques were originally developed for the manufacturing of polymeric parts; over the years, they were adapted and used for direct and indirect production of metal and ceramic parts [5]
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