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Abstract
Despite its economic and environmental advantages, the dry reforming of methane using supported Ni-based catalysts remains challenging due to problems of metal particle sintering and carbon deposition, which lead to loss in catalytic activity. In this study, different silica supports, containing 5 wt% nickel, were prepared and characterized by N2 sorption, XRD, TPR, and TEM/SEM, in addition to Raman and TGA/MS for the spent catalysts. Different synthesis conditions were thus varied, like nickel deposition method, nature of nickel precursor salt, conditions for thermal activation, and nature of support. The results showed that enhanced metal dispersion, good confinement, and efficient stabilization of the active phase inside the pores can be achieved by using a well-structured mesoporous support. Moreover, it was demonstrated that carbon resistance can be improved when small nickel particles are well confined inside the pores. The strategies that affect the final dispersion of nickel particles, their consequent confinement inside (or deposition outside) the mesopores and the resulting catalytic activity and stability include mainly the application of hydrothermal treatment to the support, the variation of the nature of nickel precursor salt, and the conditions for thermal activation. General guidelines for the preparation of suitable Ni-based catalysts highly active and stable for dry reforming of methane (DRM) are thus presented in this work.
Highlights
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is the reaction of carbon dioxide with methane to produce syngas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide
The remaining samples showed intermediate values (Table 3). These results indicate the suitability of nickel nitrate as precursor salt, in agreement with previous publications [21], and provide a more complete comparison with other precursors for Ni/silica-based materials for DRM
Improved catalytic activity can be favored by using a well-defined mesoporous structure, characterized by great surface area and small pore size distribution
Summary
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is the reaction of carbon dioxide with methane to produce syngas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. In front of the alarming global warming effect, mainly due to greenhouse gas emissions on the one hand and the abundance of biomass and its increasing potential on the other hand, dry reforming of methane emerges as a promising reaction on the environmental, economic, and energetic levels. Like Pt, Ru, and Rh for example, are highly stable in such applications [1,2,3]; they are resistant to carbon deposition and maintain high conversions, they are not economical. The loss of activity (i.e., deactivation) of nickel-based catalysts is a major drawback, primarily assigned to metal particles sintering, especially at high temperatures, and to heavy carbon deposition during reaction [6]
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