Optimization of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Annona muricata L. leaves chloroform extract using VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) as an oil phase

Abstract

Annona muricata L. also called as soursop is one of medicinal plants that have a broad spectrum of biological activities and the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) have been shown to successfully induce death in cancer cell. However, the solubility of ACGs is poor, so modification of formula of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) can be used for improving drug solubility. This study was used Annona muricata L. leaf chloroform extract then optimized to formula of SNEDDS using D-Optimal mixture design (Design Expert 9 Trial software). Sixteen formulas from the software consisting of oil phase (VCO), surfactant (tween 80-cremophor EL), and co-surfactant (propylene glycol) were tested of loading dose extract and characterized for transmittance, emulsification time, and phase separation. One sample t-test was used for verification, then the optimum SNEDDS was evaluated against particle size, polidispersity index, zeta potential, and TLC test was used to predict the active ingredient in the extract. The optimum SNEDDS consisting of 22.00% oil : 60.79% surfactant : 17.21% co-surfactant showed desirability value 0.608 and can loaded 25 mg/g extract. The optimum SNEDDS showed 84.4% (SE ± 1.64) of transmittance; 14.79 seconds (SE ± 1.81) of emulsification time; and 0.898 (SE ± 0.01) of phase separation. The verification test showed no significant difference (p >0.05) between the observation and the prediction from the software. Evaluation results showed 42.73 nm (SE ± 0.49) of the particle size; polidispersity index 0.37 (SE ± 0.10); -27.43 mV (SE ± 0.26) of zeta potential, and TLC results showed similarity of active ingredient in the extract with the active compound of the fraction. Therefore, from these results suggest that the optimum SNEDDS achieved the nanoparticle size for SNEDDS formulation and may be improving drug solubility.