Abstract
MR 219, an indica rice from a cross between MR 137 and MR 151 is a long-grain rice variety of high-yielding, good quality of shape and taste, short maturation as well as resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight. However, it is regarded as a recalcitrant variety due to its low ratio of callogenesis and regeneration in in vitro culturing. This would be a hindrance to crop improvements such as genetic transformation and other crop improvement methods. The objective of this study was to optimize the concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) which were 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Kinetin (KIN) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on its callus induction that ranging from 0.5 to 15.0 mg/L. The callus was induced from the mature seeds of MR 219 on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 4.4 g/L of MS powder with vitamins, 30.0 g/L of sucrose and 3.5 g/L of gelrite with the addition of 2,4-D, KIN and NAA in different concentrations and combinations. All media supplemented with 2,4- D had successfully induced the callus and 2.0 mg/L of 2,4-D was the best concentration for the callus induction with a 100% success rate. The addition of 15.0 mg/L of NAA, provided less time taken for callus induction with better callus morphology which resulted in fewer browning problems.
Highlights
Oryza sativa L. or known as Asian rice is the primary food grain and a major source of food that is consumed as a staple food by almost half of the world's population especially in Asian countries including Malaysia (Sankepally et al, 2016; Firdaus et al, 2020)
The study showed that a combination of 2,4-D with other plant growth regulators (PGRs) or the use of 2,4D alone could stimulate callus formation compared to control
A successful protocol for callus induction was achieved for MR 219 rice variety
Summary
Oryza sativa L. or known as Asian rice is the primary food grain and a major source of food that is consumed as a staple food by almost half of the world's population especially in Asian countries including Malaysia (Sankepally et al, 2016; Firdaus et al, 2020). MR 219 is one of the rice varieties that offers many agricultural advantages such as a high yield and suitable quality in shape as well as good taste (Radziah et al, 2012). It is the most common rice variety commercially cultivated in Malaysia and one of the main varieties applied in Malaysian granary areas. Its single grain can weigh as much as 28.0 – 30.0 mg while the number of grains can be up to 200 which are higher than the weight and number of grains of previously released varieties It has strong culms and is resistant to blast and bacterial leaf blight. This variety has early maturation with a short life cycle of 105–111 days
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