Abstract
One of the basic strategies for reacting to unacceptable risk is introducing new elements to the analyzed domain. These elements and the relations between them can be treated as a safety system. Although expanding the safety system usually reduces the risk of specific hazards, it often leads to new problems resulting from its excessive development: the system becomes costly and difficult to understand. One of the methods of avoiding the negative issues is to apply an approach described in this paper, which is based on an optimization method making use of the results of risk analysis. The article contains a detailed mathematical description of an optimal solution search algorithm, enabling the selection of a configuration of safety system components that will be the most appropriate in terms of the degree of risk reduction and the related costs. The theoretical part was supplemented with a working example concerning railway traffic control systems. Using the proposed method, it is possible to obtain an optimal structure of a safety system, ensuring at least a tolerated level of risk, adequate to the identified hazards.
Highlights
In his book about the normal accident theory, Charles Perrow [1] talks about how normal accidents are related to the complexity of the systems resulting, among others, from the safety devices added to them
In order to make a rational choice of a risk reduction measure matching the identified hazard sources, indicator Ei expressing the share of individual risk reduction measures in the total value of risk reduction provided by the safety system is defined
The indicator defined in dependency (15) can be further developed in order to take into consideration the costs of implementing the safety system, through adding a relation to the variable of the cost of application of the given type of measures incurred in project budgets
Summary
In his book about the normal accident theory, Charles Perrow [1] talks about how normal accidents are related to the complexity of the systems resulting, among others, from the safety devices added to them. The second issue is the need to map the complex interrelationships resulting from the functioning of safety systems and to properly include them in the optimization model The problems of such relationships were confronted, among others, by the authors of [23], who mapped the complex interrelationships between interventions (e.g., maintenance, renewal, improvement, and extension), intervention costs, and services provided by the railway infrastructure network. In connection with the decision-making problem mentioned above, the following purpose of the article was formulated: to develop and present a decision-making model regarding the configuration of safety system structure with the use of the optimization method based on risk analysis results.
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