Abstract
We developed a holistic intelligent decision-support system (IDSS) to provide decision-support for all steps in planning, managing and optimizing water quality monitoring programs (WQMPs). The IDSS is connected to a previously developed database, EnkiTM. The IDSS integrates tacit and explicit knowledge on WQMPs to standardize decision making and to make decisions transparent and transferable. The optimization features of the IDSS were tested on a lake and a river WQMP from two case studies in Canada. We illustrate how the IDSS provides decision support to understanding the underlying rationale of the existing WQMPs, validating and storing data, selecting optimization procedures proposed in the literature, applying the optimization procedures and finalizing the optimization procedure. We demonstrated that the IDSS/EnkiTM is necessary to take and document decisions during all phases of a WQMP to obtain a clear idea of when and why changes are made and determine actionable tasks in the optimization process.
Highlights
Water quality monitoring programs (WQMP) are essential in order to provide decision-makers with the necessary information to implement best management practices, they are essential to gain citizen and stakeholder support by disseminating the relevant information [1,2,3].water quality monitoring programs (WQMPs) can be defined as a long-term, spatially distributed, standardized surveillance, and quality assessment of all the activities surrounding water quality monitoring
The purpose of the questions was to understand the rationale behind the selection of the lake sampling sites, the decisions taken on the sampling strategy at each site, as well as understand the sampling objectives which contributed greatly to documenting the rationale and making it transferable to WQMP managers and organizations that would like to increase the value of the data for other studies
Maintain the global WQMP of W2 according to the recommendations presented in Figure 10B, Collect samples in 50% of rain events, Obtain at least 10 samples for each of these stations per year, Respond to the actionable tasks in Table 2, with the priority of adding an integrative parameter such as specific conductivity to respond to the knowledge needs on road salts and other contaminations and identify other parameters that can be financed
Summary
Water quality monitoring programs (WQMP) are essential in order to provide decision-makers with the necessary information to implement best management practices, they are essential to gain citizen and stakeholder support by disseminating the relevant information [1,2,3].WQMPs can be defined as a long-term, spatially distributed, standardized surveillance, and quality assessment of all the activities surrounding water quality monitoring. Water quality monitoring programs (WQMP) are essential in order to provide decision-makers with the necessary information to implement best management practices, they are essential to gain citizen and stakeholder support by disseminating the relevant information [1,2,3]. WQMPs need to be updated continuously in order to respond to new knowledge needs and adapt to new technologies, policies, constraints, and opportunities in human, technical, and financial resources [4]. When planning a WQMP, the following issues must be addressed: (1) setting realistic and representative monitoring objectives, (2) determining sampling sites, (3) choosing water quality parameters, (4) establishing sampling frequency and recurrence, (5) considering logistics, (6) assessing technical, financial and human resources, (7) identifying information diffusion channels, and (8) assessing how the information can be put to use (move on to action) [5,6,7,8].
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