Optimization of protocol for quantification of biofilm formed by pathogenic rapidly-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria for diagnostic screening

Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly isolated from the nosocomial sector and are concerned with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary infections and disseminated diseases. NTM are predominantly associated with complications in elderly populations or individuals having immunosuppressive disorders. Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium abscessus, and Mycobacterium chelonae are the most common pathogenic rapidly-growing NTM causing infections in humans. The ability to form biofilm exacerbates the pathogenic influence of NTM, particularly in cases related to medical implants. NTM biofilms display increased disinfectant and antimicrobial resistance. The factors promoting NTM biofilm formation ability therefore need to be uncovered for reducing the burden of NTM nosocomial infections. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a well-known optimization technique discovering associations between parameters and delineating their influence on maximizing a particular output. The present chapter exploits an RSM-based approach for studying the collaborative effect of biofilm-promoting factors. Details of optimization of a protocol for quantification of biofilm formed by pathogenic rapidly-growing NTM have been elaborated which would aid to plan and execute studies related to the biofilm-forming NTM. Such studies would help enhance our understanding of the pathogenic and virulent determinants of NTM. Moreover, the protocol will aid diagnostic screening, help in developing rapid drug screening protocols, and devising strategies to combat biofilm.