Abstract
Protein-based biological materials such as albumin, casein and collagen are found in various cultural heritage (CH) artefacts. This study focuses on the study of protein binders from easel paintings media. Proteins have complex structures which are difficult to identify with non-invasive spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, Raman, UV). Immunoassays such as ELISA determine the protein’s source of origin which is necessary for art objects. To increase the detection and identification of proteins by immunoassays, the efficiency of micro-extraction of proteins from heritage materials is a crucial step. Extractions mediated by cycles of orbital agitation and ultrasonic radiation give the possibility to extract proteins from easel painting sample. In this work, protein-based paint models coupled with silica nanoparticles were used for micro-extraction. Nanoparticles possess high surface-to-volume ratios that can attach bioactive molecules such as proteins and increase the total protein recovered from microsamples. Protein extracts were quantified with Bradford Assay in the presence of Coomassie blue. The protein recovery results were statistically computed, and the SPSS analysis shows significant (p < 0.05) increase in protein recovery, above 1.3 times for NPSiO2 and above 1.6 times for MCM-41. The statistical data shows evidence that silica nanoparticles intensify the total protein recovered from paint microsamples. Finally, ELISA was realized on the protein extracts to verify and compare the immunodetection of protein from the paint models with and without the use of silica nanoparticles.
Highlights
1.1 Importance of proteins in easel paintingsIn medieval paintings, proteinaceous binders play a significant role in understanding the state of art and helping the process of conservation and restoration [1]
Several sources of protein are present which makes analysis tedious. Analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) give a great deal of information, but require large data extrapolation to identify the protein binder within paint samples [6]
In recent times, immunodetection has been employed for characterization of protein binders [4,5,6,7,8,9]
Summary
Proteinaceous binders play a significant role in understanding the state of art and helping the process of conservation and restoration [1]. Several sources of protein are present which makes analysis tedious Analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) give a great deal of information, but require large data extrapolation to identify the protein binder within paint samples [6]. In recent times, immunodetection has been employed for characterization of protein binders [4,5,6,7,8,9] Immunoassays such as ELISA with specific antibodies work with high accuracy in identifying the biological origin of proteins [5, 6, 9]. For the support on which the paint model is developed, a glass or a canvas slab is appropriate
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