Abstract
Aim of the present study was to improve the efficiency of processing to achieve a superior quality of canola oil with better recovery. Three sets of canola oil containing crude, neutralized, bleached, deodorized oils and deodorizer distillates (DD) were collected from edible oil processing industries. Important physicochemical properties of the oil were evaluated in all three sets including unsaponifiable matter, phosphorus content and soap content. The industrial processing of set I and II was found to be satisfactory as compared to set III. Therefore, set III was selected for the optimization of different processing parameters during each stage of processing. For neutralization, bleaching and deodorization different parameters were optimized to achieve a better quality of the finished product, good recovery and control of the processing cost. After optimization, physicochemical characteristics of neutralized, bleached, deodorized oil and its DD were evaluated. Also, the loss and recovery of neutral oil were calculated in each processing stage. The results of the present study showed that a slight variation of processing parameters leads to a great impact on the quality and recovery of the canola oil. High contents of free fatty acids (FFA) in DD indicated that it could be used as a potential source of biodiesel production.
Highlights
Oilseeds are the most important crops all over the world
In the test tube, the solution of 5 mL of canola oil or deodorizer distillates (DD) and 1mL of p-anisidine was added and left for 10 min. The absorbance of this solution was measured at a wavelength of 350 nm. 7) Total oxidative value The total oxidative value of the canola oil samples or DD was determined as reported earlier [20] by using the following formula: Totox value = 2PV + p-Acid value (AV). 8) Saponification value Official AOCS method Cd 3-25 was used for the determination of saponification value (SV) of canola oil samples [19]
Three samples of canola oil DD were collected from three different edible oil processing industries in different periods from Karachi and Hyderabad, Pakistan
Summary
Oilseeds are the most important crops all over the world. Over the past 40 years, especially worldwide, canola (Brasica napus) has become the third most important oilseed crop. Canola oil extracted from rapeseed which is a bright yellow flower of the Brassicaceae family, grown in the European Union, Unites States, Canada, Australia, China and India [3]. It is an important oil crop species and its cultivation has significantly increased over recent years [4]. The cooked canola seed flakes are pressed in a series of screw presses or expellers. This action removes part of the oil while avoiding excessive pressure and temperature. Almost all commercial canola oil is extracted using hexane solvent [6, 7]
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