Abstract
This paper presents the use of formaldehyde-modified peanut shells as bioadsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue for the first time. Firstly, the effect of medium pH, which is one of the important parameters for adsorption process, was determined. Then, the adsorption process conditions such as adsorption time (30-150 min), initial concentration (50-200 ppm) and ambient temperature (25-40°C) were optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken experimental design. The pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models were used to evaluate the adsorption kinetic in this study under optimized process conditions . The maximum adsorption capacity was found under optimum process conditions; 92.25 min adsorption time, 191.87 ppm initial concentration, 39.70°C adsorption temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity for methylene blue was determined to be 43.84 mg/g using RSM based on Box-Behnken experimental design. Adsorption kinetic results showed that the plots of the pseudo-second order kinetic model were fit the experimental data better when compared to the pseudo-first order model. In addition, results indicated that formadehite-modified peanut shells could be used as low cost and effective bioadsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue, which is one of the important dyes. Furthermore , it was concluded that the RSM based on Box-Behnken experimental design can be applied successfully for the methylene adsorption process.
Highlights
Increasing environmental pollution in the world is of great concern and has caused irreversible damages to all creatures
This study aimed to investigate the use of formaldehyde-modified peanut shells as a low-cost bioadsorbent and to determine optimum process parameters for methylene blue adsorption
The effect of solution pH, which is one of the important parameters for the adsorption process, was determined. Conditions such as adsorption time, initial concentration and ambient temperature, which play a key role in the adsorption process, were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken experimental design
Summary
Increasing environmental pollution in the world is of great concern and has caused irreversible damages to all creatures. Numerous studies have been conducted to remove micro-pollutants and water-soluble dyes from wastewater, including ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, centrifugation, coagulation, oxidation, electrochemical methods, bio-healing, photocatalytic degradation and adsorption [6,7,8,9,10]. Among these methods, adsorption has been an economically viable approach that can remove multiple contaminants at the same time using a wide variety of adsorbents. Yellow passionflower fruit waste [16], sugar cane [17], neem leaf powder (Azadirachta indica) [18], Posidonia Oceanica (L.) fibers [19], rice husk [20], wheat husk [21], garlic husk [22], coffee husks [23], papaya seeds [24], Brazilian pine-fruit shell [25], Elaeagnus Angustifolia seeds [26], onion skins [27] and acorn shell [28] to be included some biomasses were converted to cheap biosorbents
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