Abstract
The preparation of activated carbon (AC) from Ricinus communis leaves was investigated in this paper. Orthogonal array experimental design method was used to optimize the preparation of AC using microwave assisted zinc chloride. Optimized parameters were radiation power of 100 W, radiation time of 8 min, concentration of zinc chloride of 30% by volume, and impregnation time of 24 h, respectively. The surface characteristics of the AC prepared under optimized conditions were examined by pHZPC, SEM‐EDAX, XRD, and FTIR. Competitive adsorption of Ni2+ ions on Ricinus communis leaves by microwave assisted zinc chloride chemical activation (ZLRC) present in binary and ternary mixture was compared with the single metal solution. The effects of the presence of one metal ion on the adsorption of the other metal ion were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the uptake capacity of one metal ion was reduced by the presence of the other metal ion. The extent of adsorption capacity of the binary and ternary metal ions tested on ZLRC was low (48–69%) as compared to single metal ions. Comparisons with the biosorption of Ni2+ ions by the biomass of ZLRC in the binary (48.98–68.41%‐~Ni‐Cu and 69.76–66.29%‐~Ni‐Cr) and ternary solution (67.32–57.07%‐~Ni–Cu and Cr) could lead to the conclusion that biosorption of Ni2+ ions was reduced by the influence of Cu2+ and Cr3+ ions. The equilibrium data of the adsorption was well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption process follows the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model.
Highlights
E pollution of water resources due to the indiscriminate disposal of heavy metals has been causing worldwide concern for the last few decades
Chemical activation is held in presence of dehydrating reagents such as KOH, K2CO3, NaOH, ZnCl2, and H3PO4 which in uence pyrolytic decomposition and inhibit tar formation. e carbon yield obtained is higher and the temperature used in chemical activation is lower than that of physical activation
Effect of microwave radiation power on adsorption capacity and the yield of zinc chloride chemical activation (ZLRC) were evaluated under the concentration of ZnCl2 (XZn) of 30 mL and microwave radiation time of 4 min
Summary
E pollution of water resources due to the indiscriminate disposal of heavy metals has been causing worldwide concern for the last few decades. Many industries discharge heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc in their waste waters [2]. Activated carbons (AC) are an amorphous form of carbon, characterized by high internal porosity and high adsorptivity It has wide applications like removal of organic, inorganic pollutants from drinking water and as catalyst support [6]. Adsorption capacity of activated carbon strongly depends on its porosity and surface area. The raw material is carbonized rst at high temperature and it is activated by CO2 or steam under pressure to increase porosity and surface area of AC. Adsorption capacity of prepared activated carbons especially for metal ion depends on a number of acidic/ polar oxygen functional groups present on its surface. Range and levels 1234 100 200 400 600 4 6 8 10 30 40 50 60 16 20 24 28 of several parameters (pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, pHZPC, and foreign ions effect) on the adsorption efficiency of nickel from aqueous solution
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