Abstract
Cell disruption is an integral part of microalga production process, which improves the release of intracellular products that are essential for biofuel production. In this work, pre-treatment parameters that will enhance the efficiency of lipid production using high-pressure homogenizer on microalgae biomass will be investigated. The high-pressure homogenizer that is considered is a GYB40-10S/GY60-6S; with a pre-treatment pressure of 1000 psi, 2000 psi, and 3000 psi, the number of passes; 1, 2, and 3, a reaction time of 3, 3.5, and 4 h. Pressure and cavitation increase the efficiency of the pre-treatment process of the homogenizer. In addition, homogenization shear force and pressure are the basic significant factors that enhance the efficiency of microalgae cell rupture. Also, the use of modelling to simulate pre-treatment processes (Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Box-Behnken Designs (BBD), and design of experiment (DOE) for process optimization will be adopted in this study. The results clearly demonstrate that high-pressure homogenization pre-treatment can effectively disrupt microalga cell walls to enhance lipid recovery efficiency, with a relatively short extraction time, both that are essential for maintaining a good quality of lipids for biofuel production. A maximum of 18% lipid yields were obtained after 3 h of HPH pre-treatment at 3000 psi.
Highlights
More than half of the world’s carbon monoxide emissions are seen to be from the automobile industries
The combustion of fossil fuel produced from the transport sector has many air pollutants that are not environmental friendly
In 2010, it has been predicted that the release of carbon monoxide emission will be over 140 billion metric tonnes by 2035 [3]. In respect to these figures, some countries that depend on the use of fossil fuels as a primary source of energy have the chances of being affected by environmental degradation, which is as a result accumulation of CO2 emissions [3]
Summary
More than half of the world’s carbon monoxide emissions are seen to be from the automobile industries Improving this situation seem not to be achieved presently, as it has been reported that there will be an increase of over two-billion automobile vehicles by the 2050 [1,2]. In 2010, it has been predicted that the release of carbon monoxide emission will be over 140 billion metric tonnes by 2035 [3] In respect to these figures, some countries that depend on the use of fossil fuels as a primary source of energy have the chances of being affected by environmental degradation, which is as a result accumulation of CO2 emissions [3]. Production of biofuels does reduce the dependence on Energies 2018, 11, 806; doi:10.3390/en11040806 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies
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