Optimization of power conversion efficiency of BaTiO3 as a compact layer in DSSC using response surface methodology/Box-Behnken design

Abstract

This study focused on the optimization of BaTiO3 thin film as a compact layer in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) by spin-coating method. The experiment was designed using response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design (RSM/BBD). Three key parameters were studied i.e., annealing time, annealing temperature and the number of drop-casting. Three independent variables and three levels were used in the experiment involving 17 experiments to analyse the optimum deposition condition. The interaction between these factors was studied and used to identify the best parameters to improve the DSSC performance. The statistical analysis showed that the three parameters studied significantly affected the power conversion efficiency (PCE). After optimization of parameters, a specific optimum deposition condition, A = 3 h (annealing duration), B = 485 °C (annealing temperature) and C = 3 (number of drop-casting) was obtained. According to the optimum condition, the predicted PCE value was 4.87%. A validation experiment was carried out and a PCE of 4.92 ± 0.04% was achieved, which is in good agreement with the predicted result.