Optimization of polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel rectal spacer for focal laser ablation of prostate peripheral zone tumor.

Abstract

Focal Laser ablation therapy is a technique that exposes the prostate tumor to hyperthermia ablation and eradicates cancerous cells. However, due to the excessive heating generated by laser irradiation, there is a possibility of damage to the adjacent healthy tissues. This paper through in silico study presents a novel approach to reduce collateral effects due to heating by the placement of polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer between the rectum and tumor during laser irradiation. The PEG spacer thickness is optimized to reduce the undesired damage at common laser power used in the clinical trials. Our study also encompasses novelty by conducting the thermal analysis based on the porous structure of prostate tumor. The thermal parameters and two thermal phase lags between the temperature gradient and the heat flux, are determined by considering the vascular network of prostate tumor. The Nelder-Mead algorithm is applied to find the minimum thickness of the PEG spacer. In the absence of the spacer, the predicted results for the laser power of 4W, 8W, and 12W show that the temperature of the rectum rises up to 58.6 °C, 80.4 °C, and 101.1 °C, while through the insertion of 2.59mm, 4mm, and 4.9mm of the PEG spacer, it dramatically reduces below 42 °C. The results can be used as a guideline to ablate the prostate tumors while avoiding undesired damage to the rectal wall during laser irradiation, especially for the peripheral zone tumors.