Abstract
The objective of this work was to optimize the production of pigments by Rhodotorula minuta and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa through submerged fermentation, using yellow passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis), as the only substrate. The independent variables evaluated to optimize were: yellow passion fruit peel (YPFP), in grams (g) as culture medium, pH and fermentation time, in days. The study of pigment production and its optimization was carried out using the Doehlert matrix, with fifteen experimental conditions, of which thirteen had different combinations and two repeated the central point. The fixed variables were 30ºC and 150 rpm. Data analysis was performed using the Statistica software version 10.0. The largest amount of total pigments and total carotenoids produced by R. minuta was 28±0.01 mg/L and 72.8±0.026 µg/g, respectively; while for R. mucilaginosa the production of total pigments was 37±0.002 mg/L and total carotenoids 236.8±0.013 µg/g. The optimum production point of total pigments for R. minuta was 2.3g of YPFP, pH 6.5 and 5 days and for R. mucilaginosa 2.5g of YPFP pH 6 and 5 days. In samples of total pigments, the presence of 0.29mg/L of β-carotene for R. minuta and 0.83 mg/L for R. mucilaginosa was identified. It is possible to conclude that yellow passion fruit peel can be used as a nutrient source for Rhodotorula spp growth and pigment production with total carotenoids and β-carotene in its composition.
Highlights
Natural pigments can be obtained from plants, animals, and microorganisms (Heer & Sharma, 2017)
Some studies report the possibility of reusing industrial waste for the growth of microorganisms and production of metabolites of interest, where at the same time this substrate acts as a source of carbon and nitrogen, it acts in the preservation and mitigation of the environment (Panesar et al, 2015; Kot et al, 2016)
The proximate composition of the chosen waste indicates that the yellow passion fruit peel can be used as a source of nitrogen and carbohydrate for the growth of the microorganism, as it has 12.93% crude protein, 1% ether extract, 7.35% mineral material, 49.09% neutral detergent fiber - FDN (8.94% lignin + 29.5% cellulose + 10.65% hemicellulose), 38.44% acid detergent fiber - FDA (8.94% lignin + 29.50% cellulose) and 0.36% ash
Summary
Natural pigments can be obtained from plants, animals, and microorganisms (Heer & Sharma, 2017) This last group is highlighted when compared to the others, as it manages to make the pigment available immediately, does not depend on seasonality, allows for expansion of production, uses less physical space, and can be cultivated in alternative substrates, such as agro-industrial waste (Venil et al, 2013; Manimala & Murugesan, 2017; Sen et al, 2019). Brazil is one of the largest producers of passion fruit in the world and 95% of this product is destined for the juice industries that generate a lot of fruit peel wastes (Cavalcante & Melo, 2019)
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