Abstract
The extraction optimization and composition analysis of polyphenols in the fresh pulp of Wuweizi (Schisandra chinensis) have been investigated in this study. The extraction process of polyphenols from Wuweizi pulp was optimized using Random-Centroid Optimization (RCO) methodology. Six factors including liquid and solid ratio, ethanol concentration, pH, temperature, heating time and extraction times, and three extraction targets of polyphenol content, antioxidant activity and extract yield were considered in the RCO program. Three sets of optimum proposed factor values were obtained corresponding to three extraction targets respectively. The set of optimum proposed factor values for polyphenol extraction given was chosen in further experiments as following: liquid and solid ratio (v/w) 8, ethanol 67.3% (v/v), initial pH 1.75, temperature 55 °C for 4 h and extraction repeated for 4 times. The Wuweizi polyphenol extract (WPE) was obtained with a yield of 16.37 mg/g and composition of polyphenols 1.847 mg/g, anthocyanins 0.179 mg/g, sugar 9.573 mg/g and protein 0.327 mg/g. The WPE demonstrated high scavenging activities against DPPH radicals.
Highlights
Wuweizi (Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.) (“five flavored berry” in Chinese) is a berry-like fruit, mainly grown in north-eastern China, including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning provinces [1]
The growing area for Wuweizi in north-eastern China is about 10,000 hectares as documented in 2010 and the annual production increased from 3200 ton in 2007 [2] to 13,900 ton in 2010 due to the high market demand
Wuweizi is used in Chinese traditional medicine [4]
Summary
Wuweizi (Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.) (“five flavored berry” in Chinese) is a berry-like fruit, mainly grown in north-eastern China, including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning provinces [1]. The growing area for Wuweizi in north-eastern China is about 10,000 hectares as documented in 2010 and the annual production increased from 3200 ton in 2007 [2] to 13,900 ton in 2010 due to the high market demand. Some new bioactivities of Wuweizi have been reported, such as hepatoprotection, anti-carcinogenicity, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetes [5]. There were a number of bioactive components identified in Wuweizi, such as lignans, organic acids (citric, malic, fumaric and tartaric acid), and essential oils [5]. Wuweizi has high content of lignans, which mainly exist in seeds (4.1~19.2% of whole fruit) [1]. Compared to the intensive studies on lignans, polyphenols in Wuweizi pulp, especially anthocyanins have not received much attention
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