OPTIMIZATION OF PARAMETERS OF WORKING BODIES OF MACHINES FOR SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION

Abstract

Existing technologies and modern technical means do not always provide the required quality of technological processes for growing sugar beets. Increasing requirements necessitate continuous improvement of existing and creation of new high-performance machines and units to ensure high-quality production technologies of sugar beet crops. Improved technological processes for the production of sugar beet crops are described in the article. Such technological processes include: loosening the compacted topsoil and destruction of the soil crust before the emergence of sugar beet shoots, loosening the soil after emergence, feeding sugar beets with increased soil hardness and low moisture content, inter-row soil cultivation with hilling plants in lines. As a result of research of technologies for inter-row processing of sugar beets in the system of crop care, the following ratio was established: the optimal depth and width of the strips for cutting the top layer of the soil, depending on the depth of placement of the sown seeds; the distance between the ribs of the roller, depending on the depth of cutting the soil; the maximum depth of soil loosening in the row zone and the row spacing zone, depending on the depth of sowing seeds and the placement of the root system of beets; the required depth of soil loosening in the aisles, depending on the specified optimal depth of application of mineral fertilizers in the aisles; the required distance from the conditional centerline of the beet rows to the zone of mineral fertilization in the aisles, etc. The use of optimized technological processes makes it possible to create the necessary conditions for the growth and development of sugar beet plants on heavy-textured soils and after a significant amount of precipitation and an increase in soil density. In addition, the proposed innovative technologies ensure the preservation and even increase of soil moisture, reduction of sparseness and contamination of crops, as well as losses and damage to sugar beet roots during harvesting. The research results can be used to improve and optimize zonal technologies and technical means for growing sugar beets in conditions of high density and insufficient soil moisture, as well as in the educational process in the preparation of future specialists from agricultural engineering for scientific project activities.