Abstract
An approximate analysis of gain saturation in two-mirror and distributed feedback lasers is presented. Using energy theory and threshold field approximation, an expression relating the small signal gain to the output power and system parameters is obtained, including nonlinear dispersion effects in the active medium, spatial hole burning effects, and longitudinal as well as transverse field distribution. The laser characteristics obtained reveal the optimal coupling strength for given system parameters providing maximal output power level for given pumping rate of the active medium, i.e., maximal efficiency of the system.
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