Optimization of New Sample Preparation Technique for the Determination of Methadone and Codeine in Plasma Sample by GC-FID

Lazgin Jamil

doi:10.21577/0103-5053.20190220

Abstract

A continuous sample drop flow microextraction (CSDF-ME) technique was modified for the pretreatment of plasma samples in the determination of methadone and codeine. The limit of detection and linear range for methadone were 15.0 µg L-1 and 0.1-10.0 mg L-1, respectively. The detection limit and linear range for codeine were 25.0 µg L-1 and 0.2-15.0 mg L-1, respectively. The extraction recoveries were 41.6-52.1%, and the enrichment factors ranged from 65 to 80 for codeine and methadone, respectively. Intra- and interday precisions of the technique were calculated for codeine and methadone concentrations of 0.4 mg L-1 and were 4.2-7.6% and 2.5-5.1%, respectively. Also, the accuracy (error%) of method was in the range -10 to +7.5%. The applicability of the CSDF-ME-gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) technique was illustrated by the determination of the mentioned drugs in human plasma. The attained relative recoveries of methadone and codeine in the 90.0-107.5% range demonstrated the excellent capability of the optimized technique for the microextraction of the mentioned drugs from plasma. The CSDF-ME-GC-FID is a rapid, repeatable and very simple technique that requires a low sample amount.

Highlights

The quantitative analysis of drug concentrations in biological samples plays a significant role in drug development and discovery
As the pH increases these drugs change to their nature form with decrease in their solubility in water, causing the improvement of codeine and methadone extraction
The extraction time of presented method is less than other methods. All of these results indicated that the continuous sample drop flow microextraction (CSDF-ME)-gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) technique is a repeatable, sensitive method with simple operation that can be favorably applied for the preconcentration and determination of codeine and methadone

Summary

Introduction

The quantitative analysis of drug concentrations in biological samples plays a significant role in drug development and discovery. Sample preparation methods are needed for the bioanalysis of drugs.[1] The synthetic painkiller methadone (MDN) is prescribed to treat addiction on opioids such as heroin.[2] MDN is used as a painkiller for acute to chronic pains, lightening the affected individuals’ symptoms and its action of reducing addiction on the drugs as a withdrawal agent has raised overdose cases and use in children and adults. MDN causes up to 32% of opioid analgesics poisoning.[3,4,5,6,7,8] Medical research has shown that the required administered methadone dosage should be based on an evaluation performed by a qualified clinician through a recognized clinical process.[9,10] To achieve optimum treatment, new analytical methods and time-saving sample preparation techniques for the determination of methadone in blood extract samples have been used.[11,12] The opiate alkaloid codeine (3-methyl morphine; COD) is extracted from poppy flowers and is produced from morphine by a methylation reaction,[13] which is extensively used as a

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Conclusion