Abstract
In this study, modeling and optimization of the microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MASE) of sandbox seed oil (SSO) were investigated. D-optimal design with two numeric (extraction time (5–15 min), heating power (180–540 W)) and two categoric (solid/solvent ratio (1:10–1:40) and solvent type (ethyl acetate, n-hexane and acetone)) factors was used to model and optimize SSO yield. The model developed had coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9821, indicating it can be used to adequately describe the MASE process with high accuracy. Optimum SSO yield of 72.20 ± 0.35 wt% could be obtained using extraction time of 5 min, microwave heating power of 180 W, solid/solvent ratio of 1:40 and ethyl acetate as solvent of extraction. Performance evaluation of the solvents in terms of oil yield showed that ethyl acetate was the most efficient (72.20 ± 0.35 wt%) followed by acetone (57.90 ± 1.27 wt%) and n-hexane (56.25 ± 1.77 wt%). Physicochemical properties of the SSO varied depending on the solvent of extraction. Fatty acids profile of the SSO showed that it had more unsaturated (79.7–84.5%) fractions than saturated (15.5–20.2%) fractions. Therefore, SSO could serve as feedstock for biodiesel and other oleochemical production.
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