Abstract
A synergistic combination of dioxane, acetic acid, and HCl was investigated for lignin extraction from pine wood biomass. After initial screening of reagent combination, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the lignin yield with respect to the variables of time 24–72 h, solids loading 5–15%, and catalyst dose 5–15 mL. A quadratic model predicted 8.33% of the lignin yield, and it was further confirmed experimentally and through the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Lignin at optimum combination exhibited features in terms of derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) with a value of (305 µmol/gm), average molecular weights of 4358 and polydispersity of 1.65, and 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (2D-HSQC NMR) analysis showing relative β-O-4 linkages (37.80%). From here it can be suggested that this fractionation can be one option for high quality lignin extraction from lignocellulosic biomass.
Highlights
The global community, with an aim to shape the future of bioeconomy, has put together rigorous efforts on the biorefining of biomass feedstocks [1]
As it can be seen in the table, the values in terms of lignin yield were quite noticeable for all the combinations with the highest value of 42% for gamma valerolactone (GVL): acetic acid combination and the lowest one 2.5% with dioxane acetic acid conditions
In a similar other study, a lignin yield of 23.8% was obtained from corn stover when deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride and formic acid (1:2)) were employed at a higher temperature of 130 ◦ C for 2 h of time [39]
Summary
The global community, with an aim to shape the future of bioeconomy, has put together rigorous efforts on the biorefining of biomass feedstocks [1]. These substrates, the lignocelluloses due to their relative abundance and readily collectable nature, have become quite prominent candidates in this race [2]. With the presence of phenolic groups in its molecule, has become quite a versatile feedstock for the production of various sustainable materials [7] These can be used for the production of rubbers, poly propylene, epoxy resins, and even carbon fibers [8,9,10]. This lignin can be used as a partial substitute for the petroleum based resins minimizing the harmful impacts of toxic substances
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