Optimization of Infrared Postharvest Treatment of Barhi Dates Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Abstract

Barhi dates are widely consumed at Khalal maturity stage and preserving the freshness quality of Barhi at this stage is a challenging task as this period is short and the fruits are more perishable. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the infrared (IR) treatment and storage conditions for preserving the physicochemical, microbial, and bioactive attributes of fresh Barhi dates. The effect of four factors, IR temperature (50, 70, 90, and 110 °C), IR time (1, 2, 3, and 4 min), storage temperature (1, 5, 15, and 25 °C), and storage time (1, 6, 11, 16, and 21 days), on the responses of total soluble solids (TSS), hardness, total color change (ΔE), total viable count (TVC), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (DPPH), and glucose content were evaluated following central composite design (CCD). IR temperature, IR time, storage temperature, and storage time significantly affected the physical, microbial, and bioactive attributes of Barhi dates. The optimal conditions for minimizing the physical changes and microbial load and maximizing the bioactive attributes were IR temperature of 50 °C, IR time of 1.2 min, storage temperature of 1 °C, and storage time of 20 days. At the optimum conditions, the values of TSS, hardness, ΔE, TVC, TPC, DPPH, and glucose were 37.22%, 70.17 N, 11.12, 2.9 log CFU/g, 36.1 mg GAE/g, 65.31%, and 25.38 mg/g, respectively and these values were similar to predicted values. In conclusion, this study identified the ideal IR treatment and storage conditions for maintaining the overall quality attributes of Barhi dates during prolonged storage.