Abstract

The lack of a computerized approach to optimally size hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems leaves a glaring gap in our knowledge of their benefits when utilized in an urban environment. To address this issue, this study introduces two new, robust methodologies, one for determining optimal GSHP size as part of a hybrid system for an individual building and one for assessing the appropriateness of combining multiple buildings onto a single hybrid GSHP system. Both methodologies simultaneously consider heating and cooling and are applicable to residential, commercial and industrial buildings that are either heating or cooling dominant. Using these methodologies can result in significant reductions in initial costs of installation, payback period, and operation costs, when compared to following rules of thumb or using non-hybrid systems. In most cases, when optimization is performed, the GSHP meets very large portions of the total annual heating and cooling demand of buildings.

Highlights

  • The lack of a computerized approach to optimally size hybrid ground source heat pumps (GSHP) systems leaves a glaring gap in our knowledge of their benefits when utilized in an urban environment

  • The methodology aims to determine the net present value (NPV) of total costs, ground loop length (L), and the total heating and cooling demands for a combination of two or more buildings, which is met by the GSHP component of the hybrid system (i.e., in short, total heating and cooling demand met by the GSHP is called "Total Demand Met" (TDM))

  • A new strategy has been introduced for determining the optimal GSHP capacity in hybrid systems

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Summary

Introduction

1.1 MotivationGlobal warming has been recognized as a major threat to the future, the main cause being the dependency on fossil fuels in most residential, industrial, and commercial applications [1]. It has been documented that the ground temperature is relatively constant below a certain depth [3]. Air-source heat pumps are not suitable for cold climates as their COP significantly drops when temperatures are below the freezing point. In such cases, a ground source heat pumps (GSHP) that uses the ground as the heat source can be a better option. Utilizing the ground as the heat source is advantageous because the ground temperature is relatively constant below a certain depth. This has led to their penetration in the residential building market, and increasingly in commercial and industrial ones as well. As the ground heat exchanger gets longer, it can provide more of the peak building demand; but each additional length segment will only be used for a shorter portion of the year resulting in a longer payback period of the system

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