Optimization of HNT nanoparticle distribution based on EPD process in epoxy–CFRP composites

Abstract

There are numerous methods for reinforcing laminate composites using nanoadditives. However, the random dispersion of nanoparticles in polymer resins leads to critical defects owing to excessive dispersion. This study investigated a method of depositing halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on a carbon fabric surface via electrophoresis deposition (EPD) for reinforcing the through-thickness strength of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites. The voltage during the EPD process was set as 6–12 V, which is the working range for nanoparticles during EPD. In addition, CFRPs were fabricated from modified carbon fabrics using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. The optimum voltage was determined as 6 V. At higher voltages, the mechanical properties deteriorated owing to the distribution of HNTs and damage to the fibers. The performance of the EPD-modified CFRPs was better than that of neat CFRPs. The highest strength was observed at 0.7 wt.% HNTs and 6 V, which indicated the feasibility of the EPD process and a well-dispersed morphology. The strong interaction of HNTs with carbon fabric influences the through-thickness mechanical properties of CFRP composites.