Abstract
High-pressure ultrasound-assisted extraction technology was applied to extract ferulic acid, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide A, ligustilide and levistolide A from Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizomes. Seven independent variables, including solvent type, pressure, particle size, liquid-to-solid ratio, extraction temperature, ultrasound power, and extraction time were examined. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to optimize the experimental conditions (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, and extraction time) on the basis of the results of single factor tests for the extraction of these six major components in L. chuanxiong rhizomes. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and were also examined using appropriate statistical methods. The best extraction conditions were as follows: extraction solvent: 40% ethanol; pressure: 10 MPa; particle size: 80 mesh; liquid-to-solid ratio: 100:1; extraction temperature: 70 °C; ultrasonic power, 180 W; and extraction time, 74 min.
Highlights
Chuanxiong Rhizoma, the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae), is a herb that has been widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for a long time [1]
The conditions used in these methods are not consistent, and in many cases one cannot determine how these conditions were established and optimized, and there are no reports on systematic optimization of the extraction conditions for multiple ingredients in L. chuanxiong
The this article we report the first application of high-pressure ultrasound-assisted extraction combined with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to the optimization of the extraction of the main active ingredients of Chuanxiong Rhizoma
Summary
Chuanxiong Rhizoma, the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae), is a herb that has been widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for a long time [1]. Several conventional extraction techniques, such as decoction [1,6], percolation [6,7], sonication [7,8,9], reflux [5,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20], and microwave-assisted extraction [21,22], have been reported for the extraction of ferulic acids and/or phthalides from Chuanxiong Rhizoma These extraction methods, summarized, are expensive [21], have low efficiency [5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,20,21,22], require long extraction times [5,6,7,10,11,12,13,14,15,17,18,19,20,21], and/or high temperatures [5,6,10,11,14,15,17,19].
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