Abstract
Procyanidins (PC) from Vitis amurensis seeds was extracted using high-intensity pulsed electric field (PEF). The process parameters including pulse number, electric field strength, ratio of material to liquid and ethanol concentration were studied using response surface methodology, and extraction yield of the extracts were determined. Antioxidant activity of the extracts by PEF, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ethanol extraction (EAE) were compared based on total antioxidant capacity, DPPH radical scavenging capacity and ferrous ion chelating activity. The results revealed that the optimization of conditions of PEF are: pulse number 10; electric field strength 25 kV/cm; ratio of material to liquid 1:21 g/mL; ethanol concentration 63% (v/v), and the PC yields reached 8.23% under this condition. The PEF resulted in a highest extraction yield of PC among the four extraction methods. There was no significant difference in total antioxidant capacity of PC obtained by four methods, the DPPH radical scavenging capacity and ferrous ion chelating activity of PC extracted by PEF were close to that of UAE and MAE, which were superior to EAE. These showed that PEF was an effective method for extracting PC.
Highlights
Vitis amurensis is a perennial deciduous woody liana of Vitaceae family and originates from northeast and northern China, North Korea and Russian Far East
2.1 Materials Vitis amurensis seeds was supplied by Food Processing Technology Laboratory of Changchun Normal University (Jilin, China); Procyanidins (Shanghai Yuanye Bio Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; the purity of procyanidins was 95%), vitamin C (Vc); ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA); 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), anhydrous ethanol, petroleum ether, vanillin, methanol, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide; salicylic acid, ferrous sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, phosphate, ferrozine and ferrous chloride were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co
An efficient pulsed electric field (PEF) method for the extraction of PC from Vitis amurensis seeds was presented in this study
Summary
Vitis amurensis is a perennial deciduous woody liana of Vitaceae family and originates from northeast and northern China, North Korea and Russian Far East. Vitis amurensis berries have a good value of edible use, it could be unfavorable for direct consumption because of its high acidity and heavy astringent taste. As a result, it is often used for wine making. A large amount of by-products are generated at the same time, including outer peels and seeds while seeds accounted for nearly 75%. According to the current research, vinification by-products containing high levels of various health enhancing substances is a potential inexpensive source of high added value antioxidants [1] and an excellent raw material for extracting the PC. The use of by-products has economic benefits to producers and positive impacts on the environment, bringing to a greater diversity of products
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