Abstract
The method of realizing nanostructures using porous alumina templates has attracted interest due to the precise geometry and cheap cost of nanofabrication. In this work, nanoporous alumina membranes were utilized to realize a forest of nanowires, providing a bottom-up nanofabrication method suitable for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Gold and iron were electroplated through the straight channels of the membrane. The resulting nanowires are, indeed, made of an active element for plasmonic resonance and SERS as the hexagonal distribution of the nanowires and the extreme high density of the nanowires allows to excite the plasmon and detect the Raman signal. The method to reduce the distance between pores and, consequently, the distance of the nanowires after electrodeposition is optimized here. Indeed, it has been predicted that the light intensity enhancement factor is up to 1012 when the gap is small than 10 nm. Measurements of Raman signal of thiol groups drying on the gold nanowires show that the performance of the device is improved. As the thiol group can be linked to proteins, the device has the potential of a biosensor for the detection of a few biomolecules. To assess the performance of the device and demonstrate its ability to analyze biological solutions, we used it as SERS substrates to examine solutions of IgG in low abundance ranges. The results of the test indicate that the sensor can convincingly detect biomolecules in physiologically relevant ranges.
Highlights
Over the past years, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become a powerful tool allowing non-destructive, highly sensitive studies of molecules, chemicals or biological samples [1,2,3]
A method of SERS device nanofabrication using alumina template was optimized for molecular sensing
Alumina templates were fabricated according to two anodization steps
Summary
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become a powerful tool allowing non-destructive, highly sensitive studies of molecules, chemicals or biological samples [1,2,3]. Further improvements of this technique could spur considerable progress in areas such as single-molecule sensing, early cancer detection and in situ analyte detection in microfluidics. Similar devices, fabricated thanks to recent advances in nanotechnology, enable the ultrasensitive, label-free detection of analytes This detection can be enhanced, in turn, through integration with microfluidics that allows tight control over the volumes, flows and velocities of the biological liquids under examination. The combination of nanoscale devices and the manipulation of nano-liquids has enabled, among other things, the separation and identification of complex mixtures in very low abundance ranges [6,7]
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