Optimization of green and rapid analytical procedure for the extraction of patulin in fruit juice and dried fruit samples by air-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent-based solidified homogeneous liquid phase microextraction using experimental design and computational chemistry approach

Abstract

In this paper, a green and inexpensive air-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent-based solidified homogeneous liquid phase microextraction procedure was optimized for extraction of patulin in fruit juice and dried fruit samples using experimental design prior to its spectrophotometric determination. Four different natural deep eutectic solvent were prepared and applied to ensure efficient, and selective extraction of patulin. The significant variables including Zn(II) amount, cooling time, pH and amount of natural deep eutectic solvent were optimized by using central composite design. Under optimized conditions, working range was 10–750 μg L−1 with 0.9996 of correlation coefficient. Detection limit and preconcentration factor were 3.5 μg L−1 and 150, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility precision were in the range of 3.2–4.6% and 4.3–5.6% respectively. Recoveries ranging from 94% to 104% proved the accuracy of the method. The optimized method was successfully applied to the extraction and identification of patulin in the selected samples.