Abstract
A square cylinder with a V-shaped groove on the windward side in the piezoelectric cantilever flow-induced vibration energy harvester (FIVEH) is presented to improve the output power of the energy harvester and reduce the critical velocity of the system, aiming at the self-powered supply of low energy consumption devices in the natural environment with low wind speed. Seven groups of galloping piezoelectric energy harvesters (GPEHs) were designed and tested in a wind tunnel by gradually changing the angle of two symmetrical sharp angles of the V-groove. The GPEH with a sharp angle of 45° was selected as the optimal energy harvester. Its output power was 61% more than the GPEH without the V-shaped groove. The more accurate mathematical model was made by using the sparse identification method to calculate the empirical parameters of fluid based on the experimental data and the theoretical model. The critical velocity of the galloping system was calculated by analyzing the local Hopf bifurcation of the model. The minimum critical velocity was 2.53 m/s smaller than the maximum critical velocity at 4.69 m/s. These results make the GPEH with a V-shaped groove (GPEH-V) more suitable to harvest wind energy efficiently in a low wind speed environment.
Highlights
Energy harvesting is usually the process of converting waste or useless energy into electrical energy in the external environment, providing electrical energy for low-power electronic components.The ultimate goal is to develop self-powered sensors, actuators, and other electronic devices
Inspired by the galloping piezoelectric energy harvesters (GPEHs) [31], we proposed the concept of the GPEH-V
The detailed derivation process of GPEH-V control equation using generalized Hamiltonian principle can refer to Abdelkefi et al [39] and Varoto [40]
Summary
Energy harvesting is usually the process of converting waste or useless energy into electrical energy in the external environment, providing electrical energy for low-power electronic components. The VEH mainly includes piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and electrostatic types, among which the piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) has outstanding advantages such as high force electric coupling effect and energy density, no electromagnetic interference, and easy miniaturization process These advantages make PEH ideal for low-power wireless sensor nodes [2]. As there is not any frequency lock-in phenomenon in flutter, the energy harvester can work normally as long as the flow velocity exceeds the critical velocity [16,17,18] It is characterized by high frequency and small amplitude, because flutter belongs to multi-modal coupling vibration [19], which is not conducive to the transduction of energy by piezoelectric materials.
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