Abstract
The existing process of coagulation and flocculation are using chemicals that known as cationic coagulant such as alum, ferric sulfate, calcium oxide, and organic polymers. Thus, this study concentrates on optimizing of flocculation process by microbial coagulant in river water. Turbidity and suspended solids are the main constraints of river water quality in Malaysia. Hence, a study is proposed to produce microbial coagulants isolated locally for river water treatment. The chosen microbe used as the bioflocculant producer is Aspergillus niger. The parameters to optimization in the flocculation process were pH, bioflocculant dosage and effluent concentration. The research was done in the jar test process and the process parameters for maximum turbidity removal was validated. The highest flocculating activity was obtained on day seven of cultivation in the supernatant. The optimum pH and bioflocculant dosage for an optimize sedimentation process were between 4-5 and 2-3 mL for 0.3 g/L of effluent concentration respectively. The model was validated by using a river water sample from Sg. Pusu and the result showed that the model was acceptable to evaluate the bioflocculation process.
Highlights
One of the main constraints of river water quality in Malaysia is turbidity that caused by suspended solids
Microbial coagulant which is sort of organic materials is relatively cheap, non-toxic, new efficient and would not make secondary pollution since the water treatment factor getting from the fermentation of microbiology and separation by biological procedure, which has biology resolvability and security [5].These chemicals are not safe for the environment as well as human health [6]
Microbial coagulants are necessary to overcome these limitations for water refinement towards maintaining river water quality
Summary
One of the main constraints of river water quality in Malaysia is turbidity that caused by suspended solids. Microbial coagulant which is sort of organic materials is relatively cheap, non-toxic, new efficient and would not make secondary pollution since the water treatment factor getting from the fermentation of microbiology and separation by biological procedure, which has biology resolvability and security [5].These chemicals are not safe for the environment as well as human health [6]. The distillation of river water by integration of coagulation and flocculation process is a good way of water treatment since its required simple equipment, convenient management and occupying small place [7]. Many researchers have been done to improve the flocculating activity of polysaccharides based or develop new-type bioflocculants [8], somehow, the results were not good enough for commercial applications due to high production cost [9]. The study was proposed to produce microbial coagulants for river water treatment
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