Abstract
Microscale and nanoscale robots, frequently referred to as future cargo systems for targeted drug delivery, can effectively convert magnetic energy into locomotion. However, navigating and imaging them within a complex colloidal vascular system at a clinical scale is exigent. Hence, a more precise and enhanced hybrid control navigation and imaging system is necessary. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has been successfully applied to visualize the ensemble of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with high temporal sensitivity. MPI uses the concept of field-free point (FFP) mechanism in the principal magnetic field. The gradient magnetic field (|∇B|) of MPI scanners can generate sufficient magnetic force in MNPs; hence, it has been recently used to navigate nanosized particles and micron-sized swimmers. In this article, we present a simulation analysis of the optimized navigation of an ensemble of microsized polymer MNP-based drug carriers in blood vessels. Initially, an ideal two-dimensional FFP case is employed for the basic optimization of the FFP position to achieve efficient navigation. Thereafter, a nine-coil electromagnetic actuation simulation system is developed to generate and manipulate the FFP position and |∇B|. Under certain vessel and fluid conditions, the particle trajectories of different ferromagnetic polymer ratios and |∇B| were compared to optimize the FFP position.
Highlights
Despite spectacular medical science innovations and studies in various advanced cancer treatments, cancer remains the second leading cause of death [1]
Nothnagel et al demonstrated this Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) capability by steering soft magnetic spheres by varying the field-free point (FFP) position using an MPI coil [27]. This somehow resolved one of the major problems encountered in an electromagnetic actuators (EMAs) system with MPI imaging—i.e., the problem of high-gradient fields interfering with the steering and tracking of nanoparticles in real time
The authors started with the simplest case, i.e., an ideal 2D FFP generation using a set of equations in the magnetic field, no current module
Summary
Despite spectacular medical science innovations and studies in various advanced cancer treatments, cancer remains the second leading cause of death [1]. The first human trial was reported in 1996 when cancer drugs were attached to iron core particles with diameters of 100 nm and steered by an external magnet field to treat tumors [15] Along with their biocompatibility, these small-scale carriers must satisfy several other requirements, such as the capability to move in different types of liquids and blood vessels. Nothnagel et al demonstrated this MPI capability by steering soft magnetic spheres by varying the FFP position using an MPI coil [27] This somehow resolved one of the major problems encountered in an EMA system with MPI imaging—i.e., the problem of high-gradient fields interfering with the steering and tracking of nanoparticles in real time. Where v is the translational velocity and m p is the robot mass
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