Abstract
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a technique of additive manufacturing used to fabricate a 3D (three-dimensional) model with layer-by-layer deposition of required materials with less material wastage. FDM is used to make any objects with a meager cost, but also there are some negative points related to less strength, less accuracy, and less surface finish. In this study, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is printed using an FDM printer to investigate the effects of various changing parameters like nozzle temperature (°C), infill pattern, and printing speed (mm/s) on surface roughness and thickness measurement. Experiments are designed using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array method and ANOVA method. For obtaining an increase in surface roughness, the most influencing factor is printing speed with 83.41% contribution, and the effect of nozzle temperature is 9.04%. Lesser printing speed enhances the surface finish and, in the case of thickness and outer dimension of all the printed samples, results are almost constant. Regression analysis is performed to formulate the single-objective equations, and a genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to optimize the values of process parameters.
Highlights
Additive manufacturing is a rapidly growing technique that has significant advantages over conventional subtractive manufacturing techniques
Slow printing speed leads to better surface finish as more time is incorporated for fused material flow and deposition; as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is an amorphous type of thermoplastic material, it does not show any true melting point and depicts best printing results near 230°C
3D printing of gear-shaped specimens made up of ABS is carried out and the effect of an infill shape pattern, built plate temperature, and nozzle speed on surface finish and thickness is investigated. e most influencing factor is printing speed. e results obtained can be summarized as follows: (i) Surface finish in ABS depends on nozzle speed; low nozzle speed tends to better surface finish. e effect of changing the printing speed is very much satisfying
Summary
Additive manufacturing is a rapidly growing technique that has significant advantages over conventional subtractive manufacturing techniques In this technique, design is prepared in CAD software and printed layer by layer using three-dimensional (3D) printers and a final 3D solid is obtained [1]. Additive manufacturing is used to make complex structures like dental implants [3], hip implants [4], gears [5], and many other objects which are difficult to manufacture by using subtractive manufacturing techniques. It is used in almost every field of application like biomedical industry [6], aerospace industry [7], automotive industry [8], food printing [9], and teaching [10] .
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