Abstract
To explore a green and efficient extraction technology for the extraction of active ingredients of Asarum, the deep eutectic solvent combined with ultrasonic was applied to compare the extraction efficiency of 10 kinds of deep eutectic solvents, taking the extraction rate of methyl eugenol and asarinin as indices. Single-factor experiments were adopted to investigate the influence of molar ratio, liquid-to-solid ratio, eddy time, ultrasonic time, and temperature of the deep eutectic solvent on the extraction rate of methyl eugenol and asarinin. Based on single-factor experiments, the surface response methodology was used to optimize the extraction process conditions. The results showed that the optimum extracting process conditions of methyl eugenol and asarinin in Asarum consisted of a ratio of choline chloride to glycerol of 1 : 3, a DES volume of 2 mL, an ultrasonic temperature of 60°C, an ultrasonic time of 30 min, and a vortex oscillation of 7 min. Under the optimum extracting process conditions, the contents of methyl eugenol and asarinin were 1.9428 mg/g and 0.9989 mg/g, respectively, and the comprehensive index was 2.3280 (RSD of 1.91%). The results were close to the predicted values of the response surface model, demonstrating the applicability of the model. The extraction rate of methyl eugenol and asarinin in Asarum by this method was higher than that of water extraction and alcohol extraction, which fully indicated the high efficiency of ultrasonic-assisted green deep eutectic solvent extraction technology. The results provide data support for further development and utilization of Asarum.
Highlights
Asarums are the dry roots and rhizomes of Aristolochiaceae plants such as Asarum heterotropoides Fr
Precision and Accuracy. e precision and accuracy of the analysis method were verified by the precision test, repeatability test, and sampling recovery test. e same Asarum extract was continuously injected 6 times according to the above HPLC analysis conditions, and the RSDs of methyl eugenol and asarinin peak area were 0.54% and
As the only extraction solvent, the amount of deep eutectic solvent (DES) directly affects the extraction efficiency of methyl eugenol and asarinin. e main reason is that if the amount of extraction solvent is insufficient, the target components cannot be completely extracted, while excessive DES will lead to a waste. erefore, this paper focuses on the DES volume in the range of 0.5–2.0 mL
Summary
Asarums are the dry roots and rhizomes of Aristolochiaceae plants such as Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag., Asarum sieboldii Miq. Var. Warm in nature, and enters the heart, lung, and kidney meridians, with slight toxicity [2]. It has the effect of reliving the exterior syndrome and dispersing cold, dispelling wind and relieving pain and opening into five organs, and warming the lung and resolving fluid [3]. Asarum is commonly used in the clinical treatment of common cold due to wind cold, headache, toothache, stuffy and runny nose, allergic rhinitis, nasosinusitis, rheumatism and pain syndrome, and phlegm and retained fluid, dyspnea with cough [9]
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