Optimization of extraction parameters to improve cottonseed milk yield and reduce gossypol levels using response surface methodology (RSM)

Abstract

The consumption of plant-based milk products is a healthy alternative to dairy-based milk for lactose intolerant people. This study aimed to optimize the extraction condition for cottonseed (Gossypium spp.) milk using enzymatic assisted aqueous extraction technique (EAAE) and access the gossypol-protein interaction by electrophoresis. The influence of enzymatic treatment parameters included protease enzyme concentration, incubation temperature, pH, and hydrolysis time on extraction yield, protein, and gossypol content were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized extraction conditions were enzyme concentration 0.50%, temperature 30°C, pH 7.0, and hydrolysis time 165.31 min with the desirability value 0.825. The optimized EAAE cottonseed milk had a significant increase in extraction yield by 11.11% and protein content by 21.35%, while the gossypol content decreased by 37.14% with conventional extracted cottonseed milk (CECM). The optimized cottonseed milk met the permissible intake level of gossypol content as set by the USFDA and FAO/WHO. Novelty Impact Statement A novel technique for extraction of cottonseed milk from cottonseed using protease enzyme and its optimized extraction condition resulted in a breakdown of the gossypol–protein complex molecules. The cottonseed milk may be suitable for lactose intolerant people and those in search of novel health-promoting beverages keeping in view the high protein content, lactose-free, and low gossypol level.