Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Ethanol Extracts of Propolis Samples Using Artificial Neural Network and Moth-Flame Optimization Algorithm

Ayşenur Gurgen,Zehra Can,Yakup Kara,Sibel Yıldız,Huseyin Serencam

doi:10.2478/jas-2021-0018

Abstract

Abstract In this study, the optimum values of propolis ethanol extracts parameters were determined with the use of single and multi-objective optimization procedures. The euclidean distance approach was used in the multi-objective optimization process. Firstly, propolis was extracted using water with ethanol contents 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80% for 8, 10, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. Then, total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities of all extracts were determined. With the obtained data a prediction model was produced with the use of artificial neural networks (ANN), and optimization was performed using a moth-flame (MFO) algorithm. The best prediction models for the TPC and FRAP were observed in 2-5-1 and 2-5-1 network architecture with the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values, 5.126 and 2.451%, respectively. For maximum TPC, the extraction parameters were determined as ethanol content 57.5% and extraction time 13.56 h. To maximize FRAP, the optimized extraction parameters were ethanol content 72.03% and extraction time 18.04 h. The optimum extraction conditions for both maximum values of the studied assays were ethanol content 70.03% and extraction time 16.93 h. The study concluded that the integrated ANN and MFO algorithm system can be used in single and multi-objective optimization of extraction parameters. The established optimization model can save time, money, labor and energy.

Highlights

Propolis is a resin material that honeybees (Apis mellifera) collect from living plants, mix with saliva enzymes (β-glucosidase) and use to seal parts of the hive, fill gaps and mummify carcasses of external invasive insects (Bankova et al, 2000)
The study was designed as three stages: experimental study, modelling and optimization
Another study reported that the total phenolic contents ranged from 10.94 to 79.23 mg GAE/g in 95% ethanolic extract of propolis obtained from different regions of Azerbaijan (Can et al, 2015)

Summary

Introduction

Propolis is a resin material that honeybees (Apis mellifera) collect from living plants, mix with saliva enzymes (β-glucosidase) and use to seal parts of the hive, fill gaps and mummify carcasses of external invasive insects (Bankova et al, 2000). It is considered to be a functional and nutraceutical ingredient in food products. Propolis is used to line the chambers and alveoli where the queens lay eggs. Because of its pharmacological properties, many ancient civilizations used it to produce medicine (Iadnut et al, 2019; Rivero-Cruz et al, 2020). Propolis has attracted the attention of researchers in recent decades due to its biological and pharmacological properties

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Results

Conclusion