Abstract
Eugenia klotzschiana O. Berg is a native species to the Cerrado biome with significant nutritional value. However, its volatile organic compounds (VOCs) chemical profile is not reported in the scientific literature. VOCs are low molecular weight chemical compounds capable of conferring aroma to fruit, constituting quality markers, and participating in the maintenance and preservation of fruit species. This work studied and determined the best conditions for extraction and analysis of VOCs from the pulp of Eugenia klotzschiana O. Berg fruit and identified and characterized its aroma. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was employed using different fiber sorbents: DVB/CAR/PDMS, PDMS/DVB, and PA. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to separate, detect, and identify VOCs. Variables of time and temperature of extraction and sample weight distinctly influenced the extraction of volatiles for each fiber. PDMS/DVB was the most efficient, followed by PA and CAR/PDMS/DVB. Thirty-eight compounds that comprise the aroma were identified among sesquiterpenes (56.4%) and monoterpenes (30.8%), such as α-fenchene, guaiol, globulol, α-muurolene, γ-himachalene, α-pinene, γ-elemene, and patchoulene.
Highlights
Cerrado is an ecosystem that concentrates one of the greatest biodiversities on the planet, occupying about 22% of the Brazilian territory and typified by a variety of plant species such as herbs, sub-shrubs, shrubs, trees, and vines, which together add up to more than 6000 identified species [1]
The present study represents an advance in optimizing extraction conditions of volatile compounds from the fruits of Eugenia klotzschiana by the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method
It is the first time that the influence of the fibers PA, DVB/CAR/PDMS, and PDMS/DVB, as well as temperature, time, and agitation employed in the extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in these fruits were evaluated
Summary
Cerrado is an ecosystem that concentrates one of the greatest biodiversities on the planet, occupying about 22% of the Brazilian territory and typified by a variety of plant species such as herbs, sub-shrubs, shrubs, trees, and vines, which together add up to more than 6000 identified species [1]. Fruit trees stand out mainly due to their economic potential and the high nutrient content that they present in their compositions, in addition to the distinct flavor and aroma characteristics of their fruits [3]. Cerrado fruits such as araticum [4], grumixama [5,6], acerola [7], cagaita [8], murici [9,10], and pequi [11,12] have stood out commercially due to their unique nutritional properties, flavors, and aromas. The present study represents an advance in optimizing extraction conditions of volatile compounds from the fruits of Eugenia klotzschiana by the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method. One experimental condition used PDMS/DVB SPME fiber, allowing isolation of only 11 compounds [18]
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