Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate is currently one of the bioactive compounds obtained from different natural materials with high benefit in human medical treatment and pharmaceutical. However, the natural concentration of chondroitin sulfate in high cost raw material is low and this situation makes the commercialization become difficult. This study focused on production of chondroitin sulfate isolated from Bohadschia argus using enzyme-assisted extraction methodology. Optimization experiments were conducted based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Box–Behnken design (BBD). Three important extraction parameters, including enzyme concentration (X1: 0.05-0.5 %), Time (X2: 0.25–3 h), and temperature (X3: 55–65 °C) were varied to obtain maximum chondroitin sulfate yields. The RSM optimized model obtained from statistical analysis presented the high correlation coefficiency (R2) at 0.7508, advocating the significance of the model. The optimum extraction conditions were selected as enzyme concentration of 0.48% with extraction time of 1.01 h. at an extraction temperature of 56.53°C. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of chondroitin sulfate was 415.59 mg/100g dry, which is in good agreement with the value predicted by the model.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis clinical studies confirmed the therapeutic effects of orally taken chondroitin sulfate on osteoarthritis patients with improvement of joint function and pain reduction [1,2]
Chondroitin sulfate is present abundantly in the extracellular matrix of cartilaginous tissues and connective tissue, which are composed of collagen networks and amorphous ground substance including glycoproteins, hyaluronan, proteoglycans [3]
On the other hand, when enzyme concentration was fixed at the center point (0.25%), CS yield was increased by increasing the extraction temperature from 55 °C to 60 °C (Figure 6)
Summary
Osteoarthritis clinical studies confirmed the therapeutic effects of orally taken chondroitin sulfate on osteoarthritis patients with improvement of joint function and pain reduction [1,2]. Chondroitin sulfate is an acid mucopolysaccharide, a macrobiomolecule, that is comprehensively used in medicine, biological materials, cosmetics, and other fields for its unique pharmacological activities [4], such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer [5]. Chondroitin sulfate can be added in cosmetic products as a moisturizing agent. Due to the large amount of negative charge within the chondroitin sulfate molecule, the repulsions create a gap causing water and nutrients to retain within the molecule's empty space. Chondroitin sulfate is very effective in maintaining moisture [6]. Being a water-soluble biopolymer, it has the potential to retain the moisture in skin and replace the conventionally used glycerin from moisturizers
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
