Abstract
This study was aimed to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis process of snakehead (Channa striata) protein on antioxidant activity by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A three- level factors face centered central composite design (CCD) was adapted to assess effects from four independent variables, namely time (60, 120 and 180 mins), temperature (45, 55 and 65ºC), pH (8, 9 and 10), and enzyme to substrate ratio (1, 2 and 3%). The CCD consisted of 30 experimental points and six replicates of the central points. The antioxidant activity of the snakehead protein hydrolysates (SPH) obtained under optimized conditions was then evaluated using various assays such as chelating effects on ferrous ion, hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The experimental conditions of SPH were optimized at a time of 154.26 min, temperature of 46.84ºC, pH of 8.46 and enzyme to substrate ratio of 1.04. The predicted response values obtained for DPPH antioxidant activity (15.29%) were close to the validated response values (15.05%). The optimized SPH possessed chelating effects of 30.93% and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of 88.57%, while the value of DPPH radical scavenging activity was 65.94%. The high values obtained via hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging activity suggest that snakehead protein hydrolysate has potential as a natural antioxidant.
Highlights
Haruan, the local name of snakehead (Channa striata) is a genus of Channidae family, is an important freshwater in Malaysia (Ghassem et al, 2014).Traditionally, snakehead has a tremendous market value due to their high quality of protein, low fat, less intramuscular spines and medicinal qualities (Haniffa and Marimuthu, 2004)
(85.32% to 90.85%) (Halim and Sarbon, 2017). These differences in antioxidant activity of fish hydrolysates might be due to the differences in fish species, fish parts, types of enzymes used and hydrolysis conditions applied, which correspond to the hydrolysis parameters used
The linear model suggested for the snakehead protein hydrolysate (SPH) yield was the contrast with the previous studies that reported on the optimization of Golden apple snail (GAS) (Hamid et al, 2015), who found that the predicted model for GAS protein hydrolysate was quadratic
Summary
The local name of snakehead (Channa striata) is a genus of Channidae family, is an important freshwater in Malaysia (Ghassem et al, 2014). Enzymatic hydrolysis is one method used to produce fish protein hydrolysate. In order to obtain the optimum hydrolysis conditions with the targeted responses, such as yield and antioxidant activity, optimization should be considered. Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis condition of snakehead (Channa striata) protein hydrolysate based on yield and antioxidant activity. The response surface methodology (RSM) was the most selected method by researchers in the study of fish hydrolysates such as eel (Monopterus Sp.) (Halim and Sarbon, 2017), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) (Herpendi et al, 2013) and cockle (Anadara granosa) (Haslaniza et al, 2013). The optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions for protein hydrolysate production was controlled by four variables; namely, temperature, pH, time and enzyme to substrate concentration (See et al, 2011)
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