Abstract
This study focuses on evaluating the process parameters and their effects on extraction of lead as well as emulsion breaking. The Signal / Noise ratios have been used to study the performance characteristics. Six parameters affecting extraction by emulsion liquid membrane, namely, TOPO, Span80, and internal phase concentration, feed/emulsion ratio, agitation time and feed pH have been optimized with considerations to lead extraction and emulsion breaking. The standardized effects of the independent variables and their interactions were tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limits (α= 0.05) and Pareto chart. The use of the optimal values of these parameters has been proved useful in maximizing the extraction efficiency and minimizing the emulsion breakage. TOPO concentration of 0.1498 M, Span 80 concentration of 3.007 v%, Internal phase concentration of 0.183 M, Feed/emulsion volume ratio of 1.407, agitation time of 30 minutes, and feed pH of 5 are determined as the optimum parameters.
Highlights
Lead contamination in an environment is a very important problem worldwide due to its highly toxic and nonbiodegradable nature[1]
The results showed that the E% of Pb varied from 15 to 96.67% and signal to noise (S/N) ratios ranged from 23.5218 to 39.7-058, dependent on the combination of the controllable factors
The optimization for the extraction % and emulsion breaking of the emulsion liquid membrane process with variations of the process parameters is necessary in order to get high extraction % and minimum emulsion breaking
Summary
Lead contamination in an environment is a very important problem worldwide due to its highly toxic and nonbiodegradable nature[1]. Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM), combines an instantaneous extraction and stripping of the metal ion, is one of such methods. The metal ions existing in waste solution form a complex with the extractant at the boundary of the emulsion globule and the aqueous feed phase. Taguchi technique is a unique and powerful optimization tool that allows optimization with minimum number of experiments This method can usefully optimize the emulsion liquid membrane [13,14,15,16]. Several other parameters affecting extraction of lead and emulsion breaking have been studied These parameters include extractant and surfactant concentrations, stirring time, external phase acidity, internal phase concentration, and volume ratio of external phase to membrane phase
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