Optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of copper (II) by atomic absorption spectrometry as its oxinate chelate: Application to determination of copper in different water samples

Abstract

In this study a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method based on the dispersion of an extraction solvent into aqueous phase in the presence of a dispersive solvent was investigated for the preconcentration of Cu 2+ ions. 8-Hydroxy quinoline was used as a chelating agent prior to extraction. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry using an acetylene-air flame was used for quantitation of the analyte after preconcentration. The effect of various experimental parameters on the extraction was investigated using two optimization methods, one variable at a time and central composite design. The experimental design was performed at five levels of the operating parameters. Nearly the same results for optimization were obtained using both methods: sample size 5 mL; volume of dispersive solvent 1.5 mL; dispersive solvent methanol; extracting solvent chloroform; extracting solvent volume 250 μL; 8-hydroxy quinoline concentration and salt amount do not affect significantly the extraction. Under the optimum conditions the calibration graph was linear over the range 50–2000 μg L −1. The relative standard deviation was 5.1% for six repeated determinations at a concentration of 500 μg L −1. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) was 3 μg L −1.