Optimization of Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Phenolic Acids and Tannins from Alchemilla vulgaris L.

Martina Jakovljević Kovač,Igor Jerković,Stela Jokić,Maja Molnar

doi:10.3390/plants11040474

Martina Jakovljević Kovač, Igor Jerković + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11040474

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Abstract

Alchemilla vulgaris L. is a good source of antioxidant components with an emphasis on phenolic acids and tannins. In this study, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and hydrolyzable tannins (HT) were extracted from this plant with different deep eutectic solvents (DESs), varying the amount of added H2O, temperature and extraction time. Seventeen DESs (n = 3) were used for the extraction, of which choline chloride:urea (1:2) proved to be the most suitable. The selection of the best solvent was followed by the examination of the influence of the extraction type and parameters using response surface methodology (RSM). Gallic acid content was in the range of 0.00–1.89 µg mg−1, ellagic acid content was 0.00–12.76 µg mg−1 and hydrolyzable tannin (HT) content was 3.06–181.26 µgTAE mg−1, depending on the used technique and the extraction conditions. According to the results, extraction by stirring and heating was the most suitable since the highest amounts of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and HT were extracted, and the obtained optimal values using response surface methodology (RSM) are confirmed by experimentally obtained values.

Highlights

Nature has always been an inexhaustible source of biologically active compounds that have long been used in the form of folk medicine to treat various diseases and health conditions [1]
Gallic acid content was in the range of 0.00–1.89 μg mg−1, ellagic acid content was 0.00–12.76 μg mg−1 and hydrolyzable tannin (HT) content was 3.06–181.26 μgTAE mg−1, depending on the used technique and the extraction conditions
One of the well-known medicinal plants is the common lady’s mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris L.), a perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the Rosaceae family

Summary

Introduction

Nature has always been an inexhaustible source of biologically active compounds that have long been used in the form of folk medicine to treat various diseases and health conditions [1]. Numerous studies support the hypothesis that plant secondary metabolites, with an emphasis on phenols, which are bioactive compounds, may play an important role in the oxidation processes. Their role is manifested through the reduction of the detrimental effect of the imbalance between the formation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and the excessive amount of free radicals formed in the process of oxidative stress [3]. One of the well-known medicinal plants is the common lady’s mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris L.), a perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the Rosaceae family. The effectiveness of the use of Alchemilla vulgaris L. for these conditions is reflected in a number of biological activities, such as antiviral, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antibacterial activity [11,12,13]

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