Optimization of cultivation techniques improves the agronomic behavior of Agaricus subrufescens

Arturo Pardo-Giménez,Danny Lee Rinker,Cinthia Elen Cardoso Caitano,Diego Cunha Zied,Eustáquio Souza Dias,José Emilio Pardo

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65081-2

Abstract

New species of medicinal mushrooms have emerged over the past several decades, such as the Sun mushroom, Agaricus subrufescens. Horticultural improvements are required to shift its cultivation from small-scale local production to large-scale international production. The research reported here evaluated the agronomic behavior and the chemical characteristics of the Sun mushroom as a function of i) nutritional supplementation ii) ruffling of the casing layer and iii) the temperature management on the primordia induction and reduction of the crop cycle. Supplementation was beneficial for yield, unit mushroom weigh and decrease in time to first harvest. Supplementation improved biological efficiency with Champfood providing a yield increase of 15% over the non-supplemented compost. Among the supplements only Promycel increased the individual mushroom weight. Ruffling overall improved the yield in the 2nd and 4th flush. Already biological efficiency was greater by 21%. The highest yield harvested in any single day in the crop occurred in 3rd flush with the amount of 2.484 kg of mushrooms per m2 for the rapid induction method. Still the biological efficiency was not significantly affected by the mushroom induction temperature method. Only the fat content of the mushrooms was positively affected by the rapid induction of primordia. Champfood supplement promotes a reduction in the value of earliness and an increase of 1st flush yield. The ruffling technique provided an increase in biological efficiency due to the great number of mushrooms harvested. Rapid primordia induction allowed the crop cycle to end 3 days earlier than the slow primordia induction, providing a higher production rate.

Highlights

New species of medicinal mushrooms have emerged over the past several decades, such as the Sun mushroom, Agaricus subrufescens
New species of medicinal mushrooms have emerged over the past decades
Its management is fundamental for the timing of the flushes for harvest. In this manuscript we report production and crop responses from nutritional supplementation of compost at spawning, ruffling of the casing layer, and various temperature management schema for induction of primordia in the medicinal mushroom A. subrufescens

Summary

Introduction

New species of medicinal mushrooms have emerged over the past several decades, such as the Sun mushroom, Agaricus subrufescens. Commercial cultivation of A. bisporus utilizes compost supplementation, a ruffling of the casing layer (mixing of mycelium and materials in situ), and various schema of temperature manipulation for primordia initiation. Supplementation is the incorporation of high nitrogen materials into the compost at spawning or casing to improve yield[14].

Results

Conclusion