Abstract
In this study, we consider fuel cell-powered electric trucks (FCETs) as an alternative to conventional medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. FCETs use a battery combined with onboard hydrogen storage for energy storage. The additional battery provides regenerative braking and better fuel economy, but it will also increase the initial cost of the vehicle. Heavier reliance on stored hydrogen might be cheaper initially, but operational costs will be higher because hydrogen is more expensive than electricity. Achieving the right tradeoff between these power and energy choices is necessary to reduce the ownership cost of the vehicle. This paper develops an optimum component sizing algorithm for FCETs. The truck vehicle model was developed in Autonomie, a platform for modelling vehicle energy consumption and performance. The algorithm optimizes component sizes to minimize overall ownership cost, while ensuring that the FCET matches or exceeds the performance and cargo capacity of a conventional vehicle. Class 4 delivery truck and class 8 linehaul trucks are shown as examples. We estimate the ownership cost for various hydrogen costs, powertrain components, ownership periods, and annual vehicle miles travelled.
Highlights
Automotive powertrains are being electrified to achieve lower emissions and higher fuel efficiency.Along with battery-powered trucks, fuel cell-powered electric trucks (FCETs) are a promising candidate to replace conventional vehicles [1]
The other is a fuel cell-dominant system with a battery for peak acceleration events, which is known as a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV)
The optimization led to a 0.7% drop in fuel economy, reducing the relevant ownership cost (RCO) by about consumption
Summary
Automotive powertrains are being electrified to achieve lower emissions and higher fuel efficiency. Hybrid powertrains with two or more power sources should optimize powertrain component sizes before developing their energy management control strategy. Unlike the presented rule-based sizing processes, Lee [10] proposed a sizing process to minimize fuel consumption with an optimization algorithm to search for an optimum value It is called POUNDERS (practical optimization using no derivatives for sums of squares), and was developed by Argonne National Laboratory [11]. The objective of component sizing is to help minimize the overall ownership cost of the FCEV. This paper seeks the optimal component size to minimize RCO for fuel cell hybrid vehicles.
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