Abstract
AbstractA 5 kW small‐scale cold energy storage (CES) system based on subcritical CO2 was studied by thermodynamic analysis. If off‐peak electricity is used to heat CO2 in the superheater, the predicted storage efficiency is 30–40 % if we consider the actual efficiencies of the key components in the CES system. In the ideal case, the maximum storage efficiency is as high as 43.9 %. The value of the storage efficiency is much larger and can be over 100 % if waste heat is utilized in the heater. The parametric study showed that the cold storage efficiency in the CES system was improved with an increase of the operating pressure and component efficiencies. The mass flow rate of CO2 and the temperature at the inlet of the engine had a negative contribution to the storage efficiency because of the increased electricity consumption in the superheater.
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