Abstract
The removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions by Donnan dialysis has been investigated in this paper. In this process, two anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) were used: Selemion? AMV and Neosepta? AFN. The amount of chromium (VI) removed was determined in terms of the following parameters: initial concentration of chromium (VI), type of anion-exchange membrane, concentration of counter-ion and magnetic stirring rate. A 24 full factorial design analysis was performed to screen the parameters affecting the Cr (VI) removal efficiency. Using the experimental results, a linear mathematical model representing the influence of the different parameters as well as their interactions was obtained. Analysis of the variance (ANOVA), the F-test and the student’s test shows that the type of anion-exchange membrane is the most significant parameter affecting the chromium (VI) removal. The statistical analysis of the experimental data assumes it to be a normal distribution.
Highlights
Chromium and its derivatives are widely used in Industrial products such as electroplates, dies, textiles, leather... in which chromium in wastewater is present either in hexavalent form Cr (VI) or in the trivalent form Cr (III)
Two counter-ions, Cl– and OH, were chosen for their difference in their diffusion coefficient values and their chemical behavior. These two counter-ions are commonly used in Donnan dialysis and remain not expensive for industrial applications
The obtained results indicate a progressive and continuous increase in the concentration of chromium (VI) in the receiver compartment. It appears that OH– counter-ion gives better chromium (VI) transport through the AMV membrane
Summary
Chromium and its derivatives are widely used in Industrial products such as electroplates, dies, textiles, leather... in which chromium in wastewater is present either in hexavalent form Cr (VI) or in the trivalent form Cr (III). In which chromium in wastewater is present either in hexavalent form Cr (VI) or in the trivalent form Cr (III). Chromium appears to be a nutrient for some plants and animals, including humans; On the other hand, chromium (VI) species have been reported to be toxic to bacteria, plants and animals. Human toxicity includes lung cancer, liver, kidney, gastric damage and epidermal irritation [1]. The maximum contaminant level of chromium in drinking water is 0.05 mg·L–1 [2]. Due to its high toxicity, especially in its hexavalent form, the tolerated concentrations are controlled by strict standards and measures. There are various treatment technologies available to remove the Cr (VI) from wastewater such as chemical precipitation [3], ion-exchange [4,5,6,7,8,9], membrane process as reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration [10,11,12,13,14], flotation [15], electrocoagulation [16], solvent extraction [17], sedimentation [18], reduction [19], dialysis/electrodialysis [20], adsorption [21,22,23,24] and biosorption [25]
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