Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds and saponins have been proven its synergistic effect in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. In this research, ethanol extract of papaya seeds was formulated in gel preparations. Optimization of the composition of the gelling agent and humectant was carried out to obtain the gel preparation of papaya seed ethanol extract with good physical properties and stability. The parameters used to determine the stability of the preparation are Physical properties which include viscosity, spreadability, and percentage of viscosity shift. Data analysis was performed using Design-Expert software version 12 and SPSS. The inhibitory activity test was carried out by the disk-diffusion agar method with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 as the test bacteria. The results of the inhibitory activity test of papaya seed ethanol extract at a concentration of 20% had moderate activity and at concentrations of 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% classified as strong against the Staphylococcus aureus. Carbopol 940 is dominant factor in influencing the response of viscosity (92.504%) and spreadability (59.539%). Preparations with good physical properties and stability were obtained on the use of carbopol 940 and propylene glycol as much as 1.06604 grams and 13.2146 grams respectively.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus is a Grampositive bacteria found in a healthy human skin surface of about 20%
The extract yield was 23.33% obtained from the calculation of 94.7119 grams of extract and 405.95 grams of dried papaya seed powder
The extract yield was in accordance with research conducted by Hayatie et al (2015) which states that the content of secondary metabolites in papaya seeds is classified as small, namely alkaloids by 14.54%, flavonoids, 0.9% and tannin 0.78%
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus is a Grampositive bacteria found in a healthy human skin surface of about 20%. The Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial human pathogen that causes a wide variety of clinical manifestations such as skin and tissue infections, skin abscesses, purulent cellulitis, acne, impetigo, and wound infections (Nismawati et al, 2018). Amoxicillin, a penicillin derivative, is an antibacterial group of β-lactams that is often used to overcome the Staphylococcus aureus infection. The penicillin is very effective in dealing with Staphylococcus infections and has been used in medicine since the 1940s, but in 1942 cases of Staphylococcus aureus resistance were discovered in hospitals. The Staphylococcus aureus resistances to penicillin derivatives occur in more than 86% of cases and lead to therapeutic failure (Setiawati, 2015).
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