Optimization of Caffeic Acid Extraction from Dendropanax morbifera Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology and Determination of Polyphenols and Antioxidant Properties

Ming Zhang,Shuilin Liu,Sooah Kim,Ting Bu

doi:10.3390/horticulturae7110491

Ming Zhang, Shuilin Liu + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7110491

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction method for caffeic acid from the leaves of Dendropanax morbifera using response surface methodology (RSM), and subsequently determine the polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the D. morbifera leaves extracts. The extraction process considered operating variables such as solvent concentration, extraction temperature, and extraction time, which were optimized via Box–Behnken experimental design. In addition, the antioxidant capacity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The optimal extraction conditions of 41.23% (v/v) methanol concentration, at 88.61 °C, and 1.86 h produced a maximum caffeic acid (CA) yield of 20.35 mg/g. Additionally, total polyphenols, total tannins, and total flavonoids contents in the leaves extracts of D. morbifera were 32.48 ± 2.05 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/g, 17.61 ± 2.61 mg GAE/g, and 9.14 ± 0.17 mg QE (quercetin equivalents)/g, respectively. The results showed that methanol extracts exhibited an IC50 of approximately 14.3 mg AAE (ascorbic acid equivalent)/g. The results suggested that the extracts of D. morbifera leaves contain potential antioxidant activity, and could be a good source of functional food and used in medicinal applications.

Highlights

Published: 12 November 2021Dendropanax morbifera, a special tree species in South Korea that belongs to the familyAraliaceae [1], has been used in folk medicine to treat migraine and dysmenorrhea, and remove wind-dampness [2]
Caffeic acid (CA) yield ranged from 16.08 to 20.56 mg CA/g depending on the extraction conditions
The Equation (3) of ternary quadratic polynomial regression model was obtained by analyzing the CA (Y) yield of the D. morbifera leaves extract versus the considered independent variables: methanol concentration (A), extraction time (B), and extraction temperature (C)

Summary

Introduction

Published: 12 November 2021Dendropanax morbifera, a special tree species in South Korea that belongs to the familyAraliaceae [1], has been used in folk medicine to treat migraine and dysmenorrhea, and remove wind-dampness [2]. Several studies on the medical effects of D. morbifera, such as hypertension [3,4], anti-oxidation [5,6], anti-cancer [1], memory enhancement [1,7], and skin whitening [8] have been reported. Previous studies have revealed the antioxidant capacity [11,12,13], antiviral [14], anti-inflammation [15], anti-cancer [16,17], and neuroprotective [12,18] effects of CA. Chlorogenic acid exhibits antioxidant and DNA-protective activities [19], along with anti-inflammation [20], anticancer [21], antibacterial, and anti-biofilm activities [22]. The antioxidant capacity of phenolic acids from D. morbifera has been extensively reported [10,23]

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