Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the heavy metal ions and environmental pollutants that can harm humans and other organisms by eliminating serious toxic effects even at low concentrations. Nowadays, the use of this element in various industries has increased its concentration in the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to find appropriate and practical ways to remove it from the environment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of Trichoderma in the absorption of cadmium ions from an aqueous solution by a central composite design (CCD) to optimize the experimental conditions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to study the importance and effectiveness of the model. Design specialist software reviewed four independent variables: pH, mixing rate, contact time, temperature, and initial cadmium concentration. A second-order quadratic model was developed to predict the reactions. An ANOVA of cadmium decay in solutions by Trichoderma shows an F-value of 6655.67 for the quadratic model, which indicates that the model is significant. CCD was able to provide a statistical model for predicting response with high accuracy and reliability. Under optimal conditions, the average cadmium decrease (pH = 6, contact time of 120 minutes, initial concentration of cadmium ions of 25° C and 25 mg/L) is approximately 98.8%.
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